A healthy blood cholesterol profile signals a longer life. But excess cholesterol in the arteries formed over the years can harden into plaque, causing blockages and vascular disease (arteriosclerosis).
Other factors contribute to this condition — namely diabetes, obesity, tobacco use, alcohol abuse and lack of exercise, as well as genetics. If you reduce plaque buildup, you reduce your chances for heart attack and stroke. Increase your knowledge of this condition with this summary of terms:
Cholesterol: A waxy, fatty substance in the blood vital to animal cell health. It helps insulate nerves and aids digestion and hormone production. Most of it is produced in the liver from the food we eat; some comes directly from the cholesterol we consume in animal foods. Desirable: Less than 200mg/dl.
Lipids: A group of fatty substances that include cholesterol and triglyceride blood fats.
Lipoproteins: Transporters of cholesterol and triglycerides.
LDL (low-density lipoprotein):Carries cholesterol through the bloodstream for cell needs. In the process, it deposits cholesterol residue on artery walls, which can build up and cause blockages. Desirable: Less than 130mg/dl.
HDL (high-density lipoprotein):Collects excess cholesterol in the arteries and carries it to the liver where it is reprocessed or excreted. This sweeping action helps prevent plaque buildup. Desirable: 60mg/dl or above.
Triglycerides:These blood fats provide energy and are produced by the liver. They circulate in the bloodstream along with cholesterol and other fatty compounds. Elevated levels can raise heart disease risk in some people. Desirable: Less than 150mg/dl.